Module tokio::sync::mpsc

Expand description

A multi-producer, single-consumer queue for sending values between asynchronous tasks.

This module provides two variants of the channel: bounded and unbounded. The bounded variant has a limit on the number of messages that the channel can store, and if this limit is reached, trying to send another message will wait until a message is received from the channel. An unbounded channel has an infinite capacity, so the send method will always complete immediately. This makes the UnboundedSender usable from both synchronous and asynchronous code.

Similar to the mpsc channels provided by std, the channel constructor functions provide separate send and receive handles, Sender and Receiver for the bounded channel, UnboundedSender and UnboundedReceiver for the unbounded channel. If there is no message to read, the current task will be notified when a new value is sent. Sender and UnboundedSender allow sending values into the channel. If the bounded channel is at capacity, the send is rejected and the task will be notified when additional capacity is available. In other words, the channel provides backpressure.

This channel is also suitable for the single-producer single-consumer use-case. (Unless you only need to send one message, in which case you should use the oneshot channel.)

Disconnection

When all Sender handles have been dropped, it is no longer possible to send values into the channel. This is considered the termination event of the stream. As such, Receiver::poll returns Ok(Ready(None)).

If the Receiver handle is dropped, then messages can no longer be read out of the channel. In this case, all further attempts to send will result in an error. Additionally, all unread messages will be drained from the channel and dropped.

Clean Shutdown

When the Receiver is dropped, it is possible for unprocessed messages to remain in the channel. Instead, it is usually desirable to perform a “clean” shutdown. To do this, the receiver first calls close, which will prevent any further messages to be sent into the channel. Then, the receiver consumes the channel to completion, at which point the receiver can be dropped.

Communicating between sync and async code

When you want to communicate between synchronous and asynchronous code, there are two situations to consider:

Bounded channel: If you need a bounded channel, you should use a bounded Tokio mpsc channel for both directions of communication. Instead of calling the async send or recv methods, in synchronous code you will need to use the blocking_send or blocking_recv methods.

Unbounded channel: You should use the kind of channel that matches where the receiver is. So for sending a message from async to sync, you should use the standard library unbounded channel or crossbeam. Similarly, for sending a message from sync to async, you should use an unbounded Tokio mpsc channel.

Please be aware that the above remarks were written with the mpsc channel in mind, but they can also be generalized to other kinds of channels. In general, any channel method that isn’t marked async can be called anywhere, including outside of the runtime. For example, sending a message on a oneshot channel from outside the runtime is perfectly fine.